Ravim
Tirzepatide: mida näitavad uuringud
Tirzepatiid tekitas suurima keskmise kaalulanguse, mis on ravimi puhul randomiseeritud rasvumisuuringus seni registreeritud. See on ka ravim, millel on kõige huvitavamad kaaluga mitteseotud tulemused.
SURMOUNT-1: valdkonna suurim toimeulatus
SURMOUNT-1 uuringus randomiseeriti rasvunud, diabeedita täiskasvanud saama 72 nädala jooksul tirzepatiidi 5, 10 või 15 mg nädalas või placebot [8]. Keskmine kaalumuutus suurima annuse korral oli ligikaudu −20,9%, samas kui 5 mg annuse korral oli see juba ligikaudu −15% — see tähendab, et madalaim tirzepatiidi annus vastas ligikaudu semaglutiidi parimale tulemusele. Suuremate annuste rühmades kaotas rohkem kui pool osalejatest vähemalt 20% kehakaalust.
Selle programmi jätkuuuring pikendas jälgimisperioodi ja andis teavet diabeedi ennetamisest kestva kaalulanguse kõrval [5], mis on oluline, kuna see viib tähelepanu kaaluvaagi numbrilt kliinilisele sündmusele.
Kaalulanguse efektiivsus
Diabeedi negatiivne mõju kehtib ka siin
SURMOUNT-2 uuringus kasutati sama protokolli rasvunud, 2. tüübi diabeediga täiskasvanutel ning suurima annuse korral registreeriti keskmiselt ligikaudu 14,7% kaalulangust [7]. Ka siin: toime on suur, kuid endiselt märgatavalt väiksem kui diabeedita populatsioonis. Metaanalüüs, mis võrdles kahte ravimit 2. tüübi diabeedi korral, kinnitab nende suhtelist paremusjärjestust usaldusväärsemalt [1][3].
| Uuring | Populatsioon | Annus | Kestus | Keskmine kaalumuutus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SURMOUNT-1 [8] | Rasvumine, diabeedita | 15 mg | 72 nädalat | ≈ −20,9% |
| SURMOUNT-1 [8] | Rasvumine, diabeedita | 5 mg | 72 nädalat | ≈ −15% |
| SURMOUNT-2 [7] | Rasvumine + 2. tüübi diabeet | 15 mg | 72 nädalat | ≈ −14,7% |
| SURMOUNT-5 [10] | Rasvumine, otsevõrdlus semaglutiidiga | ≤15 mg | 72 nädalat | Parem kui semaglutiid |
Semaglutiidi otsene ületamine
Kaudsed võrdlused ja reaalse elu kohordid olid seda juba mõnda aega näidanud [12], kuid küsimuse lõplikult lahendanud uuring võrdles kahte ravimit otse, samades rasvumise annustes ja samas populatsioonis, ning tirzepatiid võitis keskmise kaalulanguse osas selge vahega [10]. 2. tüübi diabeedi korral oli SURPASS-2 juba varem näidanud paremust semaglutiidi 1 mg annuse ees nii glükeemilise kontrolli kui ka kaalu osas [9].
Tulemused, mis ei ole seotud kaaluga
Kaks eraldi uuringut on viinud tirzepatiidi kaugemale rasvumise kategooriast.
- Obstruktiivne uneapnoe. Mõõduka kuni raske OSA-ga ja rasvunud täiskasvanutel vähendas tirzepatiid apnoe-hüpopnoe indeksit oluliselt võrreldes placeboga [6]. See on esimene farmakoloogiline ravi, millele on randomiseeritud tõendus seisundi korral, mida seni raviti peaaegu eranditult CPAP-iga.
- Säilinud väljutusfraktsiooniga südamepuudulikkus. HFpEF-i ja rasvumise korral — fenotüübil, mille jaoks on väga vähe efektiivseid ravivõimalusi — parandas tirzepatiid tulemusi võrreldes placeboga [4].
- Kardiovaskulaarsed sündmused. Eraldi võrdlus dulaglutiidiga andis teavet kardiovaskulaarsetest tulemustest 2. tüübi diabeedi korral [11], täiendades varasemat eelnevalt kavandatud metaanalüüsi, mis ei leidnud märke kardiovaskulaarsest kahjust.
See esineb ka Euroopa steatootilise maksahaiguse ravijuhises koos semaglutiidiga [2].
Korduma kippuvad küsimused
Kas Mounjaro ja Zepbound on samad?
Kas tirzepatiid on lihtsalt parem kui semaglutiid?
Kas GIP komponent põhjustab lisakaalulangust?
Kas ma peaksin jõudma 15 mg annuseni?
Seotud lugemine
References
Every citation below links to the original peer-reviewed record on PubMed or via DOI. Nothing here is a substitute for medical advice.
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