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Tirzepatide: šta pokazuju ispitivanja
Tirzepatide je proizveo najveće prosječne gubitke težine ikada zabilježene za lijek u randomiziranom ispitivanju o pretilosti. Također je i onaj sa najzanimljivijim rezultatima koji nisu vezani za težinu.
SURMOUNT-1: najveći efekt u oblasti
SURMOUNT-1 je randomizovao odrasle sa pretilošću i bez dijabetesa na tirzepatide 5, 10 ili 15 mg nedeljno, ili placebo, tokom 72 sedmice [8]. Prosječna promjena težine pri najvišoj dozi bila je oko −20,9%, dok je doza od 5 mg već bila oko −15% — što znači da je najniža doza tirzepatida otprilike odgovarala najboljem rezultatu semaglutida. Više od polovine učesnika pri višim dozama izgubilo je najmanje 20% tjelesne težine.
Nastavak tog programa produžio je praćenje i izvijestio o prevenciji dijabetesa uz održavanje smanjenja težine [5], što je važno jer pomjera krajnju tačku sa broja na vagi na klinički događaj.
Učinkovitost gubitka težine
Kazna za dijabetes se ovdje također primjenjuje
SURMOUNT-2 je primijenio istu protokol kod odraslih sa pretilošću i dijabetesom tipa 2 i pronašao otprilike 14,7% prosječnog gubitka težine pri najvišoj dozi [7]. Ponovo: veliki efekat, i ponovo primjetno manji nego u populaciji bez dijabetesa. Meta-analiza koja upoređuje dva lijeka kod dijabetesa tipa 2 postavlja relativno poredak na čvršće temelje [1][3].
| Ispitivanje | Populacija | Doza | Trajanje | Prosječna promjena težine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SURMOUNT-1 [8] | Pretilost, bez dijabetesa | 15 mg | 72 sedmice | ≈ −20,9% |
| SURMOUNT-1 [8] | Pretilost, bez dijabetesa | 5 mg | 72 sedmice | ≈ −15% |
| SURMOUNT-2 [7] | Pretilost + dijabetes tipa 2 | 15 mg | 72 sedmice | ≈ −14,7% |
| SURMOUNT-5 [10] | Pretilost, direktno naspram semaglutida | ≤15 mg | 72 sedmice | Superioran u odnosu na semaglutid |
Pobijanje semaglutida direktno
Indirektne usporedbe i stvarne kohorte su već neko vrijeme ukazivale na ovo [12], ali ispitivanje koje je to razjasnilo uporedilo je dva lijeka direktno na dozama za pretilost u istoj populaciji, a tirzepatide je pobijedio u prosječnom gubitku težine značajnom razlikom [10]. U dijabetesu tipa 2, SURPASS-2 je već pokazao superiornost nad semaglutidom 1 mg po oba, glikemijskom i težinskom, krajnjem tačkom [9].
Rezultati koji se ne odnose na težinu
Dva posvećena ispitivanja su pomjerila tirzepatid izvan pretilosti kao kategorije.
- Opstruktivna apneja u snu. Kod odraslih sa umjerenom do teškom OSA i pretilošću, tirzepatide je značajno smanjio indeks apneja-hipopneja u odnosu na placebo [6]. Ovo je prvi farmakološki tretman sa randomizovanim dokazima u stanju koje je prethodno gotovo potpuno upravljano CPAP-om.
- Srčana insuficijencija sa očuvanom frakcijom izbacivanja. U HFpEF sa pretilošću — fenotipom sa vrlo malo efikasnih tretmana — tirzepatide je poboljšao ishode u odnosu na placebo [4].
- Kardiovaskularni događaji. Posvećena usporedba protiv dulaglutida izvijestila je o kardiovaskularnim ishodima u dijabetesu tipa 2 [11], dodajući ranijoj unaprijed specificiranoj meta-analizi koja nije pronašla signal kardiovaskularne štete.
Također se pojavljuje u evropskim smjernicama o steatozi jetre uz semaglutid [2].
Česta pitanja
Da li je Mounjaro isto što i Zepbound?
Da li je tirzepatide jednostavno bolji od semaglutide?
Da li GIP komponenta izaziva dodatni gubitak težine?
Da li moram doći do 15 mg?
Povezano čitanje
Reference
Svaka citacija u nastavku povezuje na izvorni recenzirani zapis na PubMed-u ili putem DOI-a. Ništa ovdje nije zamjena za medicinski savjet.
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Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial Zhao L, Cheng Z, Lu Y, et al. · JAMA · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38819983Full text
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Tirzepatide Reduces Appetite, Energy Intake, and Fat Mass in People With Type 2 Diabetes Heise T, DeVries JH, Urva S, et al. · Diabetes care · 2023 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36857477Full text
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