Mechanism
How GLP-1 drugs actually work
Slower gastric emptying, hypothalamic satiety signalling, and why "it just makes you eat less" is both true and incomplete.
Beth a ddarganfuwyd yn wirioneddol gan y treialon GLP-1
Dim cyn ac ar ôl, dim dylanwadwyr. Dim ond y treialon rhannol, y maintau effaith, a'r rhannau y mae'r marchnata'n eu gadael allan — pob honiad wedi'i gysylltu â'i gofrestr PubMed.
66peer-reviewed citations
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Start here
Each page answers one question and shows its working. If you only read one, read the page on stopping — it is the finding that changes how you should think about the whole class.
Drug
Semaglutide: what the trials show
STEP 1 through STEP 5, SELECT, and the head-to-head against tirzepatide.
Drug
Tirzepatide: what the trials show
SURMOUNT-1 and -2, sleep apnoea, heart failure, and the largest weight losses recorded for a drug.
Body composition
How much of the loss is muscle?
Roughly a quarter to a third of the weight lost is lean mass. Whether that matters is a harder question.
Safety
Side effects, ranked by how often they happen
Nausea is near-universal and usually transient. The rare events are rarer than the coverage suggests.
Durability
What happens when you stop
Most of the weight comes back within a year. This is the single most important finding in the field.
Outcomes
Does it protect your heart?
SELECT found a 20% reduction in major cardiovascular events — in a population that was not diabetic.
Other uses
Kidneys, liver, sleep apnoea and addiction
Where the evidence is strong, where it is emerging, and where it is currently just hope.
Pipeline
The oral pills
Oral semaglutide and orforglipron: same class, no needle, slightly smaller effect.
Darllen cysylltiedig
Fasting Evidence
Intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating and meal timing, judged on the trial data.
Metabolism Review
Energy expenditure, insulin resistance and metabolic adaptation, without the folklore.
Weight Loss Evidence
Diets, drugs, behaviour and maintenance — ranked by the strength of the evidence behind them.
Sleep Evidence
Sleep, circadian rhythm and the wearables that claim to measure both.
Cafodd y dudalen hon ei thrawsgrifiad yn awtomatig o Saesneg. Mae'r dyfyniadau a'r rhifau heb newid. Darllenwch y gwreiddiol Saesneg os yw unrhyw beth yn darllen yn rhy ddieithr. Darllenwch y gwreiddiol Saesneg