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  {
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    "pmc": "PMC12597468",
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    "type": "Systematic review",
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    "topics": [
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  {
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    "doi": "10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.11.013",
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    "title": "Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients With CKD Receiving GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials",
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      "Chen JY",
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    "journal": "American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation",
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    "type": "Meta-analysis",
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  {
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    "title": "Semaglutide effects on safety and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
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    "type": "Meta-analysis",
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    "pmid": "39719170",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156113",
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    "title": "Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists on body composition: Systematic review and network meta-analysis",
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    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Meta-analysis",
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    "topics": [
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  {
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    "doi": "10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045",
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    "title": "Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review",
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    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Systematic review",
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    "topics": [
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    "pmid": "39608381",
    "doi": "10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00271-7",
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    "title": "Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney and cardiovascular disease outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials",
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    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Meta-analysis",
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    "topics": [
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  {
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    "doi": "10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.031",
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    "type": "Clinical guideline",
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    "topics": [
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  {
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    "doi": "10.1136/bmj-2023-076410",
    "pmc": "PMC10823535",
    "title": "Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis",
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    "journal": "BMJ (Clinical research ed.)",
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Meta-analysis",
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    "topics": [
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    "title": "Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials",
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    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Meta-analysis",
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    "topics": [
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    "doi": "10.1007/s00125-024-06144-1",
    "pmc": "PMC11153294",
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    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Meta-analysis",
    "evidence": 5,
    "topics": [
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    "doi": "10.14309/ajg.0000000000002820",
    "pmc": "PMC11150091",
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    "type": "Meta-analysis",
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  {
    "pmid": "38991584",
    "doi": "10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00155-4",
    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors with and without glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a SMART-C collaborative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials",
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    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Meta-analysis",
    "evidence": 5,
    "topics": [
      "cardiovascular",
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    ]
  },
  {
    "pmid": "38629387",
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    "title": "Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials",
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    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Orforglipron, an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Early Type 2 Diabetes",
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  {
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    "doi": "10.1111/dom.16275",
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    "title": "Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight",
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    "journal": "Diabetes, obesity & metabolism",
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Randomised controlled trial",
    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
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  {
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    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Oral Semaglutide at a Dose of 25 mg in Adults with Overweight or Obesity",
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    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Randomised controlled trial",
    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
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  {
    "pmid": "38912654",
    "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2404881",
    "pmc": "PMC11598664",
    "title": "Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity",
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    "type": "Randomised controlled trial",
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    "topics": [
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  {
    "pmid": "39181597",
    "doi": "10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01498-3",
    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obesity and prevalent heart failure: a prespecified analysis of the SELECT trial",
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    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Randomised controlled trial",
    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
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  {
    "pmid": "39476339",
    "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2403664",
    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Persons with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis",
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    "pmc": "PMC11271387",
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    "type": "Randomised controlled trial",
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  {
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    "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2307563",
    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes",
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    "topics": [
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  {
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    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial",
    "authors": [
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    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Randomised controlled trial",
    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
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  {
    "pmid": "37188932",
    "doi": "10.1111/dom.15113",
    "pmc": "PMC10544709",
    "title": "Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, compared to caloric restriction, on appetite, dietary intake, body fat distribution and cardiometabolic biomarkers: A randomized trial in adults with obesity and prediabetes",
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    ],
    "journal": "Diabetes, obesity & metabolism",
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Randomised controlled trial",
    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
      "glp1-mechanism"
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  {
    "pmid": "37364710",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101762",
    "pmc": "PMC10339203",
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    "year": 2023,
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    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
      "glp1-mechanism"
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  {
    "pmid": "37351564",
    "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2302392",
    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Daily Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Orforglipron for Adults with Obesity",
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    "year": 2023,
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    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
      "adverse-effects"
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  },
  {
    "pmid": "36857477",
    "doi": "10.2337/dc22-1710",
    "pmc": "PMC10154650",
    "title": "Tirzepatide Reduces Appetite, Energy Intake, and Fat Mass in People With Type 2 Diabetes",
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    "year": 2023,
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    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
      "muscle-loss"
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  },
  {
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    "doi": "10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01185-6",
    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial",
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    "year": 2023,
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    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
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    "pmid": "35441470",
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    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Randomised controlled trial",
    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
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      "discontinuation",
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  {
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    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity",
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    "year": 2022,
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    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
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  {
    "pmid": "35131037",
    "doi": "10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00008-0",
    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Semaglutide once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes in an east Asian population (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial",
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    ],
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    "year": 2022,
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    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
      "muscle-loss"
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  },
  {
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    "doi": "10.1038/s41591-022-02026-4",
    "pmc": "PMC9556320",
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    "year": 2022,
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    "evidence": 4,
    "topics": [
      "discontinuation"
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  },
  {
    "pmid": "35468325",
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    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Effect of tirzepatide versus insulin degludec on liver fat content and abdominal adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3 MRI): a substudy of the randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 SURPASS-3 trial",
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    "year": 2022,
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    "evidence": 4,
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      "glp1-other"
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  },
  {
    "pmid": "36066977",
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    "pmc": "PMC9675448",
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  {
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    "title": "Effects of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes in the SURPASS-4 trial: post-hoc analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial",
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      "glp1-other"
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  {
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    "title": "Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity",
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      "semaglutide-weight",
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  },
  {
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    "topics": [
      "semaglutide-weight",
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    ]
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  {
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    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial",
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      "semaglutide-weight"
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  {
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    "year": 2021,
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  },
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    "pmc": "PMC6308032",
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  {
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    "type": "Clinical trial",
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    "title": "Cardiovascular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes",
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    "type": "Clinical trial",
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    "topics": [
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  {
    "pmid": "39892489",
    "doi": "10.1016/j.amjmed.2025.01.021",
    "pmc": null,
    "title": "Mechanisms of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Weight Loss: A Review of Central and Peripheral Pathways in Appetite and Energy Regulation",
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  {
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    "pmc": "PMC12000858",
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    "title": "Comparison of tirzepatide and dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: SURPASS-CVOT design and baseline characteristics",
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